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图书目录:Preface ix
A Word to the Student: Why Study Moral Philosophy? xiii Chapter 1 Introduction: What Is Ethics? Ethics as Compared with Other Normative Subjects Characteristics of Moral Principles Domains of Ethical Assessment Why Do We Need Morality? A Reflection on Lord of the Flies The Purposes of Morality Chapter 2 Ethical Relativism: Who's to Judge What's Right or Wrong? An Analysis of Relativism Subjective Ethical Relativism (Subjectivism) Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism) The Case for Moral Objectivism An Explanation of the Attraction of Ethical Relativism Chapter 3 Egoism and Ethics Psychological Egoism Ethical Egoism A Critique of Ethical Egoism Attempted Refutations of Egoism Chapter 4 Value What Is the Good? Chapter 5 Utilitarianism An Analysis of Utilitarianism Two Types of Utilitarianism The Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism External Criticisms of Utilitarianism Conclusion Chapter 6 Kantian and Deontological Systems Two Types of Deontological Systems Kant's Rule-Deontological System: The Categorical Imperative Kant's Other Formulations of the Categorical Imperative Kant's Ethics and Religion A Reconciliation Project Chapter 7 Virtue-Based Ethical Systems The Aretaic Critique of Action-Based (Deontic) Ethical Systems The Nature of Virtue Ethics Types of Relationships Between Virtue and Action Ethics Conclusion Chapter 8 The Fact-Value Problem: Metaethics in the 20th Century Nonnaturalism Emotivism Prescriptivism The Renaissance of Naturalism Conclusion Chapter 9 Morality and Self-Interest: Glaucon's Question The Paradox of Morality and Self-Interest Why Should I Be Moral All the Time? Chapter 10 Religion and Ethics Does Morality Depend on Religion? Are Religious Ethics Essentially Different from Secular Ethics? Glossary Index |