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图书目录:PART
Preface About the Author PART I Introduction 1 Studying Women: Feminist Perspectives Why Study Women? 2 The Sociological Imagination 6 Defining Feminism 9 Women's Studies and the Inclusion of Women 11 The Growth of Men's Studies 13 The Significance of Gender, Race, and Class 14 A Sociological Framework for Thinking about Women 16 Chapter Summary and Themes 16 Key Terms 17 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 18 Internet Resources 18 Suggested Readings 18 PART II Gender, Culture, and Sex 2 The Social Construction of Gender Biology, Culture, and Society 21 The Biological Basis of Sex Identity 22 Ambiguous Sexual Identities 22 Nature/Nurture and Sexually Ditnorphic Traits 24 Biological Deternzinism 25 The Difference Culture Makes 27 The Mstitutional Basis of Gender 30 Socialization and the Formation of Gender Identity 33 Sanctions and Expectations 33 Race and Gender Identity 35 Socialization across the Life Course 37 Infancy 37 Childhood Play and Games 38 Socialization and the Schools 40 Adult Socialization and the Aging Process 41 Theoretical Perspectives on the Formation of Gender 43 Identification Theory 43 Social LearningTheory 44 Cognitive-Developnlental Theory 45 Symbolic Interaction and "Doing Gender" 46 Comparing Theoretical Perspectives 47 Limitations the Socialization Perspective 48 Chapter Summary and Themes 49 Key Terms 51 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 51 Internet Resources 51 Suggested Readings 52 3 Gender, Culture, and the Media: The Social Construction of Knowledge Gender, Language, and Popular Culture 56 Gender and the Media 59 Content Analysis and the Media 59 Theories about the Media's Influence 64 The Sociology of Knowledge 68 Marx and the Social Construction of Knowledge 69 Sexism as Ideology 71 Chapter Summary and Themes 72 Key Terms 73 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 73 Internet Resources 73 Suggested Readings 74 4 Sexuality and Intimate Relationships 76 The Social Construction of Sexuality 77 The History of Sexuality in the United States 77 Contemporary Sexual Attitudes and Behavior 79 Race, Sexuality, and Power 84 Sexual Development over the Life Cycle 85 Menstruation 86 Menopause 87 Love and Intimate Relationships 88 Interracial Relationships 92 Friendship 93 Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences 95 Chapter Summary and Themes 100 Key Terms 101 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 101 Internet Resources 101 Suggested Readings 102 PART III Gender and Social Institutions 5 Gender, Work, and the Economy 104 Historical Perspectives on Women's Work 105 The Family-Based Economy 106 The Family-Wage Economy 107 The Family-Consumer Economy 109 Ideology and the History of Women's Work 110 What Is Work? 113 Economic Restructuring, Class, and Gender Stratification 115 The Contemporary Status of Women 119 Labor Force Participation 119 Gender Segregation 120 Earnings 130 Promotions 134 Poverty and Welfare 136 Work Environments 139 Tokenism 139 Sexual Harassment 141 Workplace Culture 142 Intersections of Family and Work 142 The Second Shift 143 Housework and Care Work 143 Policies for Gender Equity 147 Chapter Summary and Themes 149 Key Terms 150 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 150 Internet Resources 151 Suggested Readings 151 6 Gender and Families 153 Historical Perspectives on Modern Families 155 Feminist Perspectives on Families 159 The Social Construction of Families 159 Family Diversity 161 The Inyquence of Class, Race, and Gender 162 Linking Social Structure and Human Action 163 The Family Ideal 164 The Diversity of Contemporary Families 165 Measuring Family Status 166 Divorce 167 Balancing Family and Work 168 Cohabitation 170 Gay and Lesbian Families 171 Motherhood 173 Fatherhood 175 Race, Gender, and Families 176 Families and Social Problems 182 Family Violence 182 Teen Pregnancy 187 Child Care 189 Chapter Summary and Themes 193 Key Terms 194 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 194 Internet Resources 195 Suggested Readings 195 7 Women. Health, and Reproduction 197 The Social Structure of Health 200 Gender and Health 200 Race, Class, and Health 202 Reproduction and Protective Legislation 203 Gender, Health, and Social Problems 205 Gender and the Body: Weight, Food, and Body Image 205 Substance Abuse: Alcohol, Drugs, and Smoking 209 Women and AIDS 212 Disability 213 Health Insurance 214 The Politics of Reproduction 214 Birth Control 215 Abortion 217 Racism and Reproduction 218 The Politics of Birth: Pregnancy and Childbirth 219 New Reproductive Technologies 225 Gender and the Health Care System 226 Women as Health Care Workers 226 The Women's Health Movement 226 Chapter Summary and Themes 228 Key Terms 229 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 229 Internet Resources 229 Suggested Readings 230 8 Women and Religion Sociological Perspectives on Religion 234 Religion and Social Control 235 Religion and the Emergence of Feminism in the United States 237 Women and Religiosity 240 hnages of Women in Religion 240 Religious Texts as Interpretive Documents 240 Gender and Religious Beliefs 242 Women's Status in Religious Institutions 244 Gender and Religious Participation 244 Women as Clergy 246 Religion and Social Change 247 Race, Religion and Social Justice 248 Religion and Antifeminism 249 Feminism and the Religious Right in the United States 250 The Abortion Debate: A Conflict of World Views 251 Faith, Feminism, and Spirituality 252 Chapter Summary and Themes 256 Key Terms 256 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 257 Internet Resources 257 Suggested Readings 257 9 Women. Crime. and Deviance 259 Sociological Perspectives on Crime and Deviance 260 Early Traditions 261 Defining Deviance 263 Labeling and Social Deviance 264 4, Deviance, Power, and Social Conflict 264 Feminist Perspectives on Deviance 265 Women as Criminals 267 The Extent of Criminality among Women 267 Causes of Women's Crime 269 Defining Crime 271 Women as Victims of Crime 271 Rape 274 Causes of Rape 276 Women in the Criminal Justice System 279 Gender and the Courts 279 Women and Prison 280 Chapter Summary and Themes 283 Key Terms 283 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 284 Internet Resources 284 Suggested Readings 284 10 Gender, Education, and Science 286 Women and the History of Education 288 Gender and Educational Success 290 Gender and Schooling 291 Academic Achievement: Is There a Gender Gap? 295 Gender and the Curriculum 297 Class and Race Inequality 298 Women in Higher Education 300 Gender, Science, and Society 304 The Status of Women in Science 304 Science, Feminism, and the Social Construction of Knowledge 307 Chapter Summary and Themes 312 Key Terms 313 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 313 Internet Resources 313 Suggested Readings 313 1 1 Women, Power, and Politics Defining Power 317 Women and the State 318 Women and the Law 320 Women in Government 323 The Gender Gap 327 Do Women Make a Difference? 327 Women and the Military 328 Lesbians and Gays in the Military 330 Feminism and Militarism 331 Rethinking the Political 331 The Women's Movement 333 American Feminism in the Nineteenth Century 334 The Emergence of the Contemporary Women's Movement 337 Feminism and Civil Rights 339 The Second Wave of Feminism 340 Feminism for the Twenty-First Century: A Third Wave? 342 Chapter Summary and Themes 344 Key Terms 345 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 345 Internet Resources 346 Suggested Readings 346 PART IV Gender and Social Change: Frameworks of Feminism 12 Women and Social Reform, Liberal Feminism 348 Frameworks of Feminist Theory 350 The Liberal Basis of Modern Feminism 353 Liberalism as a Mode of Social Thought 354 Early Liberal Feminists 358 Mary Wollstonecraft 358 Harriet Martineau 360 John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill 362 The Critique of Liberal Feminism 368 Chapter Summary and Themes 370 Key Terms 371 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 371 Internet Resources 372 Suggested Readings 372 13 Contemporary Frameworks in Feminist Theory The Radical Origins of Feminist Theory: The Critique of Liberal Feminism 374 Historical Roots of Radical Feminism 375 Socialist Feminism: The Importance of Class and Capitalism 377 Karl Marx and Historical Materialism 377 Class and Capitalism 379 Ideology and Consciousness 380 The Woman Question 382 The Socialist Feminist Critique of Marx 383 Radical Feminism: The Power of Patriarchy 386 The Sex/Gender System 387 Sexuality and the State 387 Intersections of Capitalism and Patriarchy 388 Comparing Liberal, Socialist, and Radical Feminism 389 Multiracial Feminism 390 Postmodernist Feminism 393 Queer Theory and Sexualities 397 Continuing Questions for Feminist Theory 399 Chapter Summary and Themes 400 Key Terms 401 Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought 401 Internet Resources 402 Suggested Readings 402 Glossary 404 Bibliography 409 Name Index 439 Subject Index 449 |