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图书目录：Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Preparation for the Study of Theories of Law A. Non-universality of Law 1. The Western Civilization 2. The Chinese Civilization 3. The Indian Civilization 4. The Japanese Civilization 5. The African Civilizations B. Irreconcilable Epistemologies in Theories About Law C. Ideological Incipience in Theories of Law PART I. THEORIES OF LAW IN METAPHYSICAL-RATIONAL "EPISTEMOLOGY Chapter 3. Divine and Prophetic Theo- ries of Law Theories Criticisms Chapter 4. Natural Law Theories A. Early Theories of Natural Law Theories A. Early Theories of Natural Law-Continued 1. Natural Law as Law of Virtue a. Dharma (India, Vedic Period: 1500 B.C.-500 B.C.) b. Lao-Tsze (China, b. 604 B.C.) c. Confucius (China, 550 or 551 B.C.-478 B.C.) 2. Natural Law as Justice by Nature -.- 3. Natural Law as Law of Right Reason 4. Natural Law as Law of God Criticisms B. Modern Theories of Natural Law Theories 1. Natural Law as Objectively Given Val- ue: Franqois Geny (1861-1944) 2. Natural Law as Morals: Jean Dabin (b. 1889) 3. Natural Law as Deontology: A.P. D'En- treves (1902-1985) 4. Natural Law as Related to Sociology: Philip Selznick (b. 1919) 5. Natural Law as Based on Anthropolo- gy: Margaret Mead (1901-1978); and May Edel (1909-1964) and Abra- ham Edel (b. 1908) 6. Natural Law as Ethical Jurispru- dence: Morris Raphael Cohen (1880-1947) B. Modern Theories of Natural Law--Contin- ued 7. Natural Law as the Inner Morality of Law: Lon L. Fuller (1902-1978) Criticisms PART II. THEORIES OF LAW IN IDEALIST EPISTEMOLOGY Chapter 5. Idealist Theories of Law Theories 1. Law as Harmonizing Voluntary Ac- tions: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) 2. Law as the Idea of Freedom: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770- 1831) 3. Law as the Adjustment of Purposes: Rudolph Stammler (1856-1938) 4. Law as the Principle of Legal Evolu- tion: Georgio Del Vecchio (1878- 1970) Criticisms 1. Kant 2. Hegel 3. Stammler 4. Del Vecchio PART III. THEORIES OF LAW IN EMPIRICIST EPISTEMOLOGY Chapter 6. Positivist Theories of Law A. Early Positivist Theories of Law Theories 1. Kautilya (India, Fourth Century B.C.) 2. Shang Iang (China, ?-338 B.C.) 3. Shuen Tao (China, Contemporary of Shang lang) 4. Han Fei Tzu (China 280?-233 B.C.) Criticisms B. Later Positivist Theories of Law Theories 1. The Command Theory of Law of the Utilitarians: Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), John Austin (1790- 1859) 2. The Normative Theory of Law: Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) 3. The Rule Theory of Law: H.L.A. Hart (b. 1907) Criticisms 1. Bentham 2. Austin 3.Kelsen B. Later Positivist Theories of Law--Contin- ued 4. Hart Chapter 7. Historical Theories of Law Theories 1. Law as a Manifestation of the Spirit of the People in History: Friedrich Karl von Savigny (1719-1861) 2. Law as the Development in History of Personal Conditions From Status to Contract: Sir Henry Sumner Maine (1822-1888) 3. Law as an Auxiliary in a Stage of Eco- nomic Determinism: Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Criticisms 1. Savigny 2. Maine 3. Marx and Engels Chapter 8. Sociological Theories of Law Theories A. Law in Sociological Aspects 1. Law in the Social Purpose: Rudolf von lhering (1818-1892) 2. Law in the Inner Order of Human As- sociations: Eugen Ehrlich (1862-1922) A. Law in Sociological Aspects-Continued 3. Law in the Objective Conditions of So- cial Solidarity: Leon Duguit (1859- 1928) B. Jurisprudence of Interests: Philip Heck (1858-1943) and Roscoe Pound (1870- 1964) C. Free Law: Eugen Ehrlich (1862-1922) and Hermann U. Kantorowicz (1877-1940) Criticisms 1. Ihering 2. Ehrlich 3. Duguit 4. Jurisprudence of Interests 5. Free Law Chapter 9. Psychological Theory of Law Theory Criticisms Chapter 10. American Realist Theories _ Theories A. Philosophical Framework of American Re- alism: John Dewey (1859-1952) and Wil- liam James (1842-1910) B. Expressions of American Realism 1. Law as Rules of Conduct Laid Down by Judges: John Chipman Gray (1839-1915) B. Expressions of American Realism--Continued 2. Law as Prophecy of What the Courts Will Do: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841-1935) 3. Law as What Certain Officials Do About Disputes: Karl N. Llewellyn (1893-1962) 4. Law as Generalization of Potential Le- gal Effect and Considerations Weighed by Courts in the Decision of Cases: Joseph W. Bingham (b. 1878) 5. Law From a Psychoanalytical Point of View: Jerome Frank (1889-1957) Criticisms Chapter 11. Scandinavian Realist Theo- ries of Law Theories 1. Law as Conative Impulse: AxeI Hager- strSm (1869-1939) 2. Law as Independent Imperatives: Karl Olivecrona (b. 1897) 3. Law Determined by Social Welfare: Vil- helm Lundstedt (1882-1955) 4. Law as a Scheme of Interpretation for a Set of Social Facts That Consti- tute the Counterpart of Legal Norms: Alf Ross (b. 1899) Criticisms Chapter 12. Phenomenological Theories of Law Theories 1. Nature of Thing Approach 2. Value Philosophy Approach 3. Positivist and Existentialist Approaches Criticisms Chapter 13. The Critical LegalStudies Movement and Its Offshoots A. Critical Legal Studies Philosophical Moorings Criticisms B. Feminist Jurisprudence 1. Common Themes 2. Various Schools 3. Methodology C. Critical Race Theory Chapter 14. Legal Polycentricity Chapter 15. Conclusion: On Defining Law INDEX |
