用户登陆搜 索 |
查看图书
图书目录: PART I--PRIMARY ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER I SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF MIND Mind an Organic Whole--Conscious and Unconscious Relations --Does Self-Consciousness Come First? Co,to, Ergo Sum --The Larger Introspection---Self-Consciousness in Chil- dren-Public Consciousness CHAPTER II SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF MIND--(CONTINUED) Moral Aspect of the Organic View--It Implies that Reform Should Be Based on Sympathy--Uses of Praise and Blame -Responsibility Broadened but Not Lost--Moral Value of a Larger View---Organic Morality Calls for Knowledge-- Nature of Social Organization CHAPTER III PRIMARY GROUP8 Meaning of Primary Groups--Family, Playground, and Neigh- borhood-How Far Influenced by Larger Society--Meaning and Permanence of "Human Nature "--Primary Groups the Nursery of Human Nature CHAPTER IV PRIMARY IDEALS Nature Primary Idealism--The Ideal of a "We" or Moral Unity-It Does Not Exclude Self-Assertion--Ideals Spring- from Hostility-Loyalty, Truth, Service--Kindnese- Lawfulness---Freedom--The Doctrine of Natural Right-- Bearing of Primary Idealism upon Education and Philan- thropy CHAPTER V M EXTENSION OF PRIMARy IDEALS Primary Ideals Underlie Democracy and Christianity--Why They Are Not Achieved on a Larger Scale---What They Re- quire from Personality--From Social Mechanism--The Principle of Compensation PART II--COMMUNICATION CHAPTER VI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNICATION Meaning of Communication--Its Relation to Human Nature --To Society at Large CHAPTER VII THE GROWTH OF COMMUNICATION Pre-Verbal Communication--The Rise of Speech--Its Mental and Social Function--The Function of Writing--Printing and the Modem World--The Non-Verbal Arts CHAPTER VIII MODERN COMMUNICATION: ENLARGEMENT AND ANIMATION Character of Recent Changes--Their General Effect--The Change in the United States--Organized Gossip--Public Opinion, Democracy, Internationalism--The Value of Diffusion--Enlargement of Feeling--Conclusion CHAPTER IX MODERN COMMUNICATION: INDIVIDUALITY The Question--Why Communication Should Foster Individu- ality-The Contrary or Dead-Level Theory--Reconcilia- tion of These Views---The Outlook as Regards Individuality CHAPTER X MODERN COMMUNICATION: SUPERFICIALITY AND STRAIN Stimulating Effect of Modem Life--Superficiality--Strain-- Pathological Effects PART III--THE DEMOCRATIC MIND CHAPTER XI THE ENLARGEMENT OF CONSCIOUSNESS Narrowness of Consciousness in Tribal Society--Importance of Face-to-Face Assembly--Individuality--Subconscious Char- acter of Wider Relations--Enlargement of Consciousness-- Irregularity in Growth--Breadth of Modern Consciousness --Democracy CHAPTER XII THE THEORY OF PUBLIC OPINION PublicOpinion as Organization--Agreement Not Essential-- Public Opinion versus Popular Impression--Public Thought Not an Average--A Group Is Capable of Expression through Its Most Competent Members--General and Special Public Opinion--The Sphere of the Former--Of the Latter--The Two Are United in Personality--How Public Opinion Rules --Effective Rule Based on Moral Unity CHAPTER XIII WHAT THE MASSES CONTRIBUTE The Masses the Initiators of Sentiment--They Live in the Cen- tral Current of Experience---Distinction or Privilege Apt to Cause Isolation--Institutional Character of Upper Classes --The Masses Shrewd Judges of Persons--This the Main Ground for Expecting that the People Will Be Right in the Long Run--Democracy Always Representative---Conclusion CHAPTER XIV DEMOCRACY AND CROWD EXCITEMENT The Crowd-Theory of Modem Life--The Psychology of Crowds --ModernConditions Favor Psychological Contagion--De- mocracy a Training in Self-Control--The Crowd Not Always in the Wrong--Conclusion; the Case of France . CHAPTER XV DEMOCRACY AND DISTINCTION The Problem--Democracy Should Be Distinguished from Transition--The Dead-Level Theory of Democracy--Con- fusion and Its Effects--" Individualism" May Not Be Favor- able to Distinguished Individuality---Contemporary Uni- formity-Relative Advantages of America and Europe-- Haste, Superficiality, Strain--Spiritual Economy of a Set- tied Order--Commercialism--Zeal for Diffusion--Con- clusion CHAPTER XVI THE TREND OF SENTIMENT Meaning and General Trend of Sentiment--Attenuation--Re- finement--Sense of Justice--Truth as Justice--As Realism As Expediency--As Economy of Attention--Hopefulness CHAPTER XVII THE TREND OF SENTIMENT-(CONTINUED) Nature of the Sentiment of Brotherhood--Favored by Com- munication and Settled Principles--How Far Contemporary Life Fosters It--How Far Uncongenial to It--General Out- come in this Regard--The Spirit of Service--The Trend of Manners--Brotherhood in Relation to Conflict--Blame-- Democracy and Christianity PART IV--SOCIAL CLASSES CHAPTER XVlII THE HEREDITARY OR CASTE PRINCIPLE Nature and Use of Classes--Inheritance and Competition the Two ,Principles upon which Classes Are Based--Conditious in Human Nature Making for Hereditary Classes--Caste Spirit CHAPTER XIX CONDITIONS FAVORING OR OPPOSING THE GROWTH OF CASTE Three Conditions Affecting the Increase or Diminution of Caste -Race-Caste--Immigration and Conquest---Gradual Dif- ferentiation of Functions; Mediaeval Caste; India--In- fluence of Settled Conditions--Influence of the State of Communication and Enlightenment--Conclusion CHAPTER XX THE OUTLOOK REGARDING CASTE The Question--How Far the Inheritance Principle Actually Prevails--Influences Favoring Its Growth--Those Antag- onizing It--The Principles of Inheritance and Equal Op- portunity as Affecting Social Efficiency--Conclusion CHAPTER XXI OPEN CLASSES The Nature of Open Classes--Whether Class-Consciousness Is Desirable--Fellowship and Cooperation Deficient in Our Society---Class Organization in Relation to Freedom CHAPTER XXII HOW FAR WEALTH IS THE BASIS OF OPEN CLASSES Impersonal Character of Open Classes--Various Classificatious-- Classes, as Commonly Understood, Based on Obvious Dis- tinctions--Wealth as Generalized Power--Economic Better- ment as an Ideal of the Ill-Paid Classes--Conclusion CHAPTER XXIII ON THE ASCENDENCY OF A CAPITALIST CLASS The Capitalist Class--Its Lack of Caste Sentiment--In What Sense "the Fittest "--Moral Traits--How Far Based on Ser- vice--Autocratic and Democratic Principles in the Control of Industry--Reasons for Expecting an Increase of the Democratic Principle--Social Power in General--Organizing Capacity--Nature and Sources of Capitalist Power--Power over the Press and over Public Sentiment--Upper Class Atmosphere CHAPTER XXIV ON THE ASCENDENCY OF A CAPITALIST CLASS--(CONTINUED) The Influence of Ambitions Young Men--Security of the Dom- inant Class in an Open System--Is There Danger of Anarchy and Speliation?--Whether the Sway of Riches Is Greater Now than Formerly--Whether Greater in America than in England CHAPTER XXV THE ORGANIZATION" OF THE ILL-PAID CLASSES The Need of Class Organization--Uses and Dangers of Unions --General Disposition of the Hand-Working Classes CHAPTER XXVI POVERTY The Meaning of Poverty--Personal and General Causes--Pov- erty in a Prosperous Society Due Chiefly to Maladjustment --Are the Poor the "Unfit "?--Who Is to Blame for Poverty? --Attitude of Society toward the Poor--Fundamental Remedies CHAPTER XXVII HOSTILE FEELING BETWEEN CLASSES Conditions Producing Class Animosity--The Spirit of Service Allays Bitterness--Possible Decrease of the Prestige of Wealth--Probability of a More Communal Spirit in the Use of Wealth--Influence of Settled Rules for Social Oppo- sition-Importance of Face-to-Face Discussion PART V-INSTITUTIONS CHAPTER XXVIII INSTITUTIONS AND THE INDIVIDUAL The Nature of Institutions--Hereditary and Social Factors-- The Child and the World--Society and Personality--Person- ality versus the Institution--The Institution as a Basis of Personality--The Moral Aspect--Choice versus Mechanism -Personality the Life of Institutions-Institutions Becom- ing Freer in Structure CHAPTER XXIX INSTITUTIONS AND THE INDIVIDUAL--(CONTINUED) Innovation as a Personal Tendency--Innovation and Conserva- tism as Public Habit--Solidarity--French and Anglo-Saxon Solidarity--Tradition and Convention--Not so Opposite as They Appear--Real Difference, in this Regard, between Modern and Mediaeval Society--Traditionalism and Con- ventionalism in Modern Life CHAPTER XXX FORMALISM AND DISORGANIZATION The Nature of Formalism--Its Effect upon Personality--Form- alism in Modern Life--Disorganization, "Individualism" -How it Affects the Individual--Relation to Formalism-- "Individualism,, Implies Defective Sympathy--Contem- porary " Individualism "--Restlessness under Discomfort--- The Better Aspect of Disorganization CHAPTER XXXI DISORGANIZATION: THE FAMILY Old and New Regimes in the Family--The Declining Birth-Rate --"Spoiled" Children--The Opening of New Careers to Women--European and American Points of View--Personal Factors in Divorce--Institutional Factors--Conclusion CHAPTER XXXII DISORGANIZATION: THE CHURCH The Psychological View of Religion--The Need of Social Structure~ds--Why Symbols Tend to Become Formal --Traits of a Good System of Symbols--Contemporary Need of Religion--Newer Tendencies in the Church CHAPTER XXXIII DISORGANIZATION: OTHER TRADITIONS Disorder in the Economic System--In Education--In Higher Culture---In the Fine Arts PART VI--PUBLIC WILL CHAPTER XXXIV THE FUNCTION OF PUBLIC WILL Public and Private Will--The Lack of Public Will--Social Wrongs Commonly Not Willed at All CHAPTER XXXV GOVERNMENT AS PUBLIC WILL Government Not the Only Agent of Public Will--The Relative Point of View; Advantages of Government as an Agent-- Mechanical Tendency of Government--Characteristics Fa- vorable to Government Activity--Municipal Socialism---Self- Expression the Fundamental Demand of the People--Actual Extension of State Functions CHAPTER XXXVI SOME PHASES OF THE LARGER Growing Efficiency of the Intellectual Processes--Organic Idealism--The Larger Morality--Indirect Service--Increas- ing Simplicity and Flexibility in Social Structure--Public Will Saves Part of the Cost of Change--Human Nature the Guiding Force behind Public Will Index |